抗生素不只是抗生素?|聊聊Doxycycline這個老藥


如果你家的貓狗因為牙周病,被開了 Doxycycline、想搞懂這個藥是什麼,這篇是為你寫的(這裡談的是犬貓用藥,不適用人類)。Doxycycline 確實是廣效性抗生素,但用在牙周病時走的是低劑量(次抗菌劑量,SDD),這個劑量在血中濃度低到殺不了細菌,真正的作用是抑制會破壞牙周組織的基質金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)、減少齒槽骨流失。有一篇針對犬的研究發現,這個低劑量血中濃度不足以殺菌,也沒有養出抗藥性;不過機轉雖然清楚,用在犬貓的臨床療效證據仍在累積。要先講清楚的是,單吃 Doxycycline 沒有神奇療效,一定要搭配洗牙、把牙結石和牙齦下結石清乾淨才有意義;下面就從牙周病為什麼會破壞骨頭談起,帶你看懂這個便宜老藥被拿來用的新道理。



表1. 牙周病中破壞性MMPs的類型 [7]




參考文獻:

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  3. Kim, S., Kim, S., Jeong, M., Lee, Y., Ahn, J., Park, Y., Ahn, J., Lee, E., Ryu, D. and Seo, K., 2013. Experimental determination of a subantimicrobial dosage of doxycycline hyclate for treatment of periodontitis in Beagles. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 74(1), pp.130-135.
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  5. Lobprise, H. and Dodd, J., 2019. Wiggs’s veterinary dentistry. 2nd ed. Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, p.197-199.
  6. Novak, M., Johns, L., Miller, R. and Bradshaw, M., 2002. Adjunctive Benefits of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline in the Management of Severe, Generalized, Chronic Periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology, 73(7), pp.762-769.
  7. Preshaw, P., Hefti, A., Jepsen, S., Etienne, D., Walker, C. and Bradshaw, M., 2004. Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline as adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. A review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 31(9), pp.697-707.
  8. Reiter, A. and Gracis, M., 2019. BSAVA manual of canine and feline dentistry and oral surgery. 4th ed. Quedgeley, Gloucester: British Small Animal Veterinary Association, p.156.
  9. Thomas, J., Walker, C. and Bradshaw, M., 2000. Long-Term Use of Subantimicrobial Dose Doxycycline Does Not Lead to Changes in Antimicrobial Susceptibility. Journal of Periodontology, 71(9), pp.1472-1483.
  10. Walker, C., Preshaw, P., Novak, J., Hefti, A., Bradshaw, M. and Powala, C., 2005. Long-term treatment with sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline has no antibacterial effect on intestinal flora. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32(11), pp.1163-1169.
  11. Yağan, A., Kesim, S. and Liman, N., 2014. Effect of Low-Dose Doxycycline on Serum Oxidative Status, Gingival Antioxidant Levels, and Alveolar Bone Loss in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. Journal of Periodontology, 85(3), pp.478-489.

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